We describe a blood-based immuno-affinity liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (ILM) assay that quantifies proteotypic peptides derived from the Mtb virulence factor CFP10 and the HIV-1 capsid protein p24 to simultaneously diagnose HIV-1 infection and TB disease and to monitor their real-time response to treatment.

An immuno-affinity liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (ILM) assay was developed and validated to quantify single peptides derived from HIV-1 p24 and M. tuberculosis (Mtb) CFP10 proteins in trypsin-digested serum derived from cryopreserved serum archives of cohorts of adults and children with/without HIV and TB.

Cryopreserved plasma samples from adults with active TB disease (AFB-culture and/or GeneXpert confirmed) including individuals with HIV, and their household contacts (asymptomatic without evidence of TB disease) enrolled in the TB Aerobiology, Infectiousness, and Transmission (TBAIT) cohort in Kenya were selected based on sufficient sample volume and different clinical symptoms for inclusion in this pilot evaluation. Cryopreserved serum samples from children TB/HIV-1 participants and their controls were obtained from the sample archive of the IMPAACT P1041 study, a multi-center Phase II-III randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial that evaluated primary isoniazid (INH) prophylaxis in bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccinated, 3- to 4-month-old children with perinatal HIV-1 exposure in southern Africa between 2004 and 2008